Arduino programming

Arduino Programming is a beginner’s introduction to the world of coding technology. 📲🖧👾

With Arduino, I am able to automate a system with its program function.

For example, I can move a servo motor unit, play music or even light up an LED. Furthermore, these are all just BASIC examples of what coding can achieve.

When practised by professionals, I'm sure that coding is the right step towards a future with science-fiction technology that are depicted in comics.

For beginners, coding is made easy with the help of Arduino Maker UNO and the amazing online software that I used as its counterpart, Autodesk Tinkercad.

Basis of all connections to the Breadboard

There will be 4 tasks explained subsequently in this page:

Input devices:

Interface a potentiometer analog input to maker UNO board and measure/show its signal in serial monitor Arduino IDE.
Interface a LDR to maker UNO board and measure/show its signal in serial monitor Arduino IDE

Output devices:

Interface 3 LEDs (Red, Yellow, Green) to maker UNO board and program it to perform something (fade or flash etc)
Include the pushbutton on the MakerUno board to start/stop part 2.a. above

For each of the tasks, I will describe:

The program/code that I have used and explanation of the code. The code is in writable format (not an image).
The sources/references that I used to write the code/program.
The problems I encountered and how I fixed them.
The evidence that the code/program worked in the form of video of the executed program/code.

Finally, I will describe:

My Learning reflection on the overall Arduino programming activities.

Input devices: Interface a potentiometer analog input to maker UNO board and measure/show its signal in serial monitor Arduino IDE.

Below are the code/program I have used and the explanation of the code.

Code/program in writeable format	Explanation of the code
// C++ code // int sensorValue = 0; void setup() { pinMode(A0, INPUT); pinMode(10, OUTPUT); Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { // read the value from the sensor sensorValue = analogRead(A0); // turn the LED on digitalWrite(10, HIGH); // pause the program for <sensorValue> milliseconds delay(sensorValue); // Wait for sensorValue millisecond(s) // turn the LED off digitalWrite(10, LOW); // pause the program for <sensorValue> milliseconds delay(sensorValue); // Wait for sensorValue millisecond(s) //print the value of the SensorValue Serial.print("sensorValue:"); Serial.print(""); Serial.println(sensorValue); }	Analog pin A0 is set as the input pin. A potentiometer is used to vary the resistance signal supply for the LED output connected to pin - 10 The resistance signal can be measured and shown on the serial monitor via the program’s established serial communication between the Arduino board and the serial monitor device.

Below are the hyperlink to the sources/references that I used to write the code/program.

Below are the problems I have encountered and how I fixed them.

Problems encountered	How I fixed them
I could not get the LED light to blink to show that my potentiometer was working to change the resistance, despite the other devices working normally.	Initially, I thought that it may be an improper connection issue However, after trying out the connections again (e.g. change resistor position, change LED position), there was no success I went to Autodesk’s youtube channel Watched their video on how to blink an LED Managed to connect the negatives and positives to channel power supply to my LED I learned that as long as the components of same polarity are connected vertically and different polarity are separated horizontally, they will connect, since the cross-section of the breadboard are as follows (vertical strips are interconnected, horizontal strips are separated)
I could not get the serial monitor to display my workings	I went on to google how to get the serial monitor to display signal readings I realised I needed to establish communication between serial monitor and the board for the monitor to display my readings I input a new string of codes to test whether the serial monitor will display my readings It finally managed to work

Below is the short video as the evidence that the code/program work.

The serial monitor reads the changes to its received signal when the potentiometer notch is turned.

Input devices: Interface a LDR to maker UNO board and measure/show its signal in serial monitor Arduino IDE:

Below are the code/program I have used and the explanation of the code.

Code/program in writeable format

Explanation of the code

// C++ code

Enables an LED to light up in the absence of

light and dim in the presence of light

int photosensor = 0;

void setup()

{

pinMode(A0, INPUT);

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(10, OUTPUT);

}

void loop()

{

// read value from sensor

photosensor = analogRead(A0);

// establish communication btwn serial monitor and

// board

Serial.println(photosensor);

// LEDs work between the range of 0-255

analogWrite(10, map(photosensor, 0, 1023, 0, 255));

// wait for 100ms before repeating the loop

delay(100); // Wait for 100 millisecond(s)

}

Enables an LED to brighten in the absence of light and dim in the presence of light

Harnesses the ability of the photoresistor for this code to work

The signal is measured by serial monitor whose communication is established via connection between serial monitor and Arduino device

variable int; integer is created as a new variable in the code sequence

Below is the hyperlink to the sources/references that I used to write the code/program.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99dUAe9uqSI

Below are the problems I have encountered and how I fixed them.

My photoresistor initially brightened in the presence of light which was rather redundant
I had 2 options, to reprogram my code, or to rewire the wires along the breadboard
Of course, I chose the latter which was much easier
Hence, I rewired my connections and included a 10000-ohm resistor for the photoresistor

Below is the short video as the evidence that the code/program work.

The video depicts the serial monitor rapidly varied signal values due to the changes in brightness sensed by the photoresistor. Really interesting display to watch!

LEDS work from 0-255 where 255 is the maximum possible value for rgb

This concept relates back to the first practical on laser cutting, where we had to edit the rgb values.

As shown in the videos, the LED varies its brightness based on the level of light detected from its immediate surroundings.

Output devices: Interface 3 LEDs (Red, Yellow, Green) to maker UNO board and program it to perform something (fade or flash etc)

Below are the code/program I have used and the explanation of the code.

Code/program in writeable format

Explanation of the code

// C++ code

int animationSpeed = 0;

void setup()

{

pinMode(13, OUTPUT);

pinMode(12, OUTPUT);

pinMode(11, OUTPUT);

}

void loop()

{

animationSpeed = 400;

digitalWrite(13, HIGH);